Coming to America Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coming to America - Coursework Example Assimilation though is not so much of a problem with the second or third generations of immigrants as compared to the first generation immigrants because they seem to be all too willing to adapt with gusto the American culture, sometimes to the dismay of their immigrant grandparents. 2. What does it mean to be Americanized? The AudioEnglish.net website describes being Americanized as "an assimilation into American culture† (Americanization, n.d.). 3. Is this something that immigrants should strive for or avoid? I think that immigrants should try to be Americanized but not to the extent of totally abandoning their own cultures. 4. Why? Immigrants should not â€Å"give up† their cultures in exchange of the â€Å"American way† because their â€Å"culture represents their economic and political power in the United States, and, hence, culture becomes a weapon in helping them struggle to attain self-esteem and empowerment† (Park, 1999). However, it is important t o note that in deciding to become an immigrant, one should have already been prepared to yield to the American culture because at some point, it becomes a necessity if one wants to succeed and prosper in the United States. Discussion II 1. How does being an immigrant complicate or enhances the life experience of being an American woman? Being a woman immigrant in America has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Irr Finance Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Irr Finance Essay Internal Rate of Return of a project is a discount rate at which the net present value of a project is zero. In case of several independent projects, a project where IRR is greater than the cost of capital shall be accepted and in case of mutually exclusive projects, the project with a highest IRR shall be selected. It is also known as realized rate of return. (K.J.S. Satyasai) Net present value indicates the impact of a projects value on firms value. The projects with a positive NPV shall be selected and those with a negative NPV shall be rejected not to be undertaken. In case of mutually exclusive projects, the project with a largest NPV shall be selected. NPV is computed as the difference between the present value of the project cash inflow and the present value of the project cash outflow. Capital budgeting is a process by which firm decides among the various long term projects which project is to be undertaken. The factors to be considered while deciding various projects is the cash flows generated from the project and the cost related to that project. How to Calculate IRR measures the growth of the portfolio in absolute terms. To compute internal rate of return, we should use either trial error method or average capital base. Trial error method This method requires certain information for the time under consideration All inflows of capital for the project. All outflows of capital for the project. The beginning value of the project at beginning of the computation period. The ending value of the project at end of the computation period. PV = Sum of (FVi / (1+r) ni) + FVe / (1+r) N Where, PV represents the present value, FVi represents future cash flow i, ni represents number of period i, r is IRR, FVe is end value and N represents the number of period. Average capital base method IRR = (End Value Begin Value Total Contributions + Total Withdrawals) / (Begin Value + Total Weighted Contributions Total Weighted Withdrawals) Where Total Weighted Contributions Total Weighted Withdrawals = Sum of (Each Change in Capital Xi (Days Left in Period for Xi / Total Days in Period)) Advantages and Disadvantages of IRR Advantages: It takes into consideration the time value of money while evaluating a project as compared to ARR method (Accounting Rate of return) which does not takes it into consideration. This method is simple to interpret as compared to other methods. It does not require to compute hurdle rate or required rate of return. The required rate of return is a rough estimate and IRR is not completely based on required rate of return. Disadvantages: It ignores the actual dollar value of benefits. Assumes that the project will generate future cash flow which is reinvested at IRR. If a project generates low IRR, then it will assume reinvestment at low rate of return and on the other hand if the other project has very high IRR, it will assume reinvestment rate at very high rate of return. But this is not a realistic situation. As at the time the cash flows are generated, will have same investment opportunities is very difficult. In case of certain projects, a manager may require to invest into certain contingent projects also. So, IRR ignore these additional costs. IRR may suggest to purchase a asset but the benefits derived from that project may be wiped off by the cost of the contingent project. In case of mutually exclusive projects, that is the manager if selects then he has to reject other projects. In such a case IRR is not suitable as it gives a percentage of interpretation value which is not sufficient. It does not take into consideration the duration of a project in case two projects are evaluated with different time period. Other competitive methods Pay Back Period (Investment appraisal techniques, The Institute of Chartered Accounts England and Wales) Refers to time required for cash generated from a project to become equal to the initial cash outflows. This method is an initial screening method where by a manager can determine the initial time period by which projects return would equate the cost invested in a project. Hence, it would reject a project whose payback period is more than the targeted payback period. This method is very simple to use. It enhances the liquidity by focussing on early pay back. This method is alone is not suitable to determine the real worth of a project as it has several disadvantages: Ignores the timing of cash flows with the payback period. Ignores the cash flows after the end of an project as well as the total return of a project Also ignores the time value of money. In case two projects has similar payback period then it is difficult to determine which method is suitable. It could also lead to excessive investment in short run. It takes into account the risk of the timing of cash flows but does not take account of the variability of the cash flows. Accounting Rate of Return (Investment appraisal techniques, The Institute of Chartered Accounts England and Wales) ARR is defined as the average accounting period as a percentage of the accounting outlay. Higher the ARR better it will be. In order to select a project, ARR should be above the minimum acceptable level. The main advantage of the project is that it is very simple to calculate and understand. But it has several disadvantages: It does not take into consideration the timing of the project. It is subject to various accounting policies as it is based on accounting profits rather than cash flows. It ignores the time value of money. It does not take into account the size of an investment as it is a relative measure rather than absolute measure. Net Present Value (Investment appraisal techniques, The Institute of Chartered Accounts England and Wales) The difference between present value of future cash flow of an investment and the amount of an investment. Discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques discount all the forecast cash flows of an investment proposal to determine their present value. The main advantage of this methodology is that it takes into consideration the time value of money. If NPV is positive, it indicates cash inflows from a project will generate a return more than the cost of capital hence the project shall be undertaken. If NPV is negative then it indicates that the inflows from a project would generate a return lower than the cost of capital, hence the project shall not be undertaken. If NPV is zero then it indicates that the cash inflows from a project would generate return same as the cost of investment, hence the project should not undertaken as it would have certain inherent risk and will not generate any wealth to the shareholder. Disadvantages: The project size could not be measured or is not reflected. It is difficult to compute. It is difficult to compute appropriate discount rate. It may not give appropriate result when projects have unequal span of life. Time Value of Money Time Value of Money (TVM) is based on the principle that money is available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. It is an important concept in financial management and can be used to compare investment alternatives. The drivers of time value of money are inflation, consumer preferences and risk. The concept has an impact on the appraisal of long term projects. So, the future cash flows are discounted to reflect the time value of money. The total of these discounted cash flows reflect the true value of a project. Disadvantages This method requires an estimate of the cost of capital to decide a project. In case of mutually exclusive projects, the method does not give value maximizing decision. In case of capital rationing it does not give value maximizing decision. This method cannot be used in situation where the sign of cash flow during a project more than once during the life of a project. Conclusion IRR is an appropriate method to select a project as it considers the time value of money. As in todays world of competition, inflation plays a very significant role which decreases the value of money over a period of time. So, by considering these factors it becomes one of the methods while evaluating a project. Recommendations Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages so a manager should be very careful while selecting an appropriate methodology. If a manager chooses a wrong methodology then he would end up selecting a wrong project and can incur heavy losses. Appendix

Injuries and Ailments of Hamsters :: Hamsters Animals Veternarians Essays

Injuries and Ailments of Hamsters In general, hamsters (especially those in the wild) are robust little animals and aren't affected by many natural diseases. But, they are very susceptible to the infectious diseases of other animals, including humans. Many of the problems and ailments now associated with hamsters are a direct result of captivity. Because they are small, a minor illness can rapidly become major if immediate treatment isn't pursued. Since they are nocturnal many of the early signs of illness are not noticed. To insure good health, hamsters should be checked regularly: to include eating habits, exercise habits, teeth, limbs, body check for lumps, cuts and abrasions, etc. etc. A sick hamster generally becomes irritable and "bitey." They frequently become lethargic or walk almost stiff-legged if forced to move or may sit in a "hunched" position. The eyes are usually dull, sunken and sometimes watery. And, they don't eat much, which results in weight loss. SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE Blood in Urine Bladder & Kidney Infection Bloody Diarrhea Intussusception Breathing Heavy Shock - Colds & Influenza Broken Limb Broken Limb Bulging Anus Constipation - Intussusception - Rectal Prolapse Closed Eye(s) Impacted Pouch - Irritated Eyes Constipation Endoparasites Crusty Lesions in ears, face, feet Ear Mites Cuts & Bites Abscesses - Cuts & Bites Dragging Hind Quarters Broken Limb - Cage Paralysis - Hind Limb Paralysis Dry Scaly Skin Demodicosis - Mange - Mites - Ringworm - Sarcoptic Mange Eating Babies Cannibalism Eggs in Feces Endoparasites Excessive Drinking Bladder & Kidney Infection - Diabetes Extreme Diarrhea Tyzzer's Disease - Wet Tail Eye Rupture Eye Prolapse

What Is Toxicology?

Research involving laboratory animals is important to people and to our quality of life. In the past century, most inhabitants of this planet have experienced an unprecedented rise in living standards, life expectancy and personal opportunity, in large part due to the many ways chemicals have been put to work for us. For example, drugs whose effects range from curing previously fatal bacterial infections, reducing the impact of AIDS, minimizing heart disease, decreasing age- related wrinkles, to reducing hair loss are widely available today. The many benefits of the diverse uses of our natural resources are an outcome of careful scientific research and of using chemicals in an appropriate and safe manner. Toxicologists, the scientists who help determine the limits for safe use of materials, use modern technological research methods, including tests on animals, to protect human and animal health and the environment. What is toxicology? Toxicology is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems and affect normal processes, and the use of this information to predict safe exposure levels. Toxicological research and testing helps us to live safely and to derive benefit from natural and synthetic substances while avoiding harm. Toxicologists are involved in the evaluation of household products, medicines and the effects of incidental and occupational exposure to natural and manufactured substances. Toxicology also helps us develop the best treatments in the event that accidental overexposure does occur. What is safe? Toxicologists know that no substance is risk-free. One fundamental tenet of the science of toxicology is that all chemicals can cause harm at some level of exposure, summed up in the phrase â€Å"the dose makes the poison. † This means that exposure to a specific small amount of any substance will have no detectable impact on normal biological processes and is considered safe. Some doses actually have beneficial effects, as we all know from use of medicines. But increasing exposure to most substances will, at some point, cause harmful effects. Substances are considered toxic at that level. For example, digitalis is a plant product that has been used with great benefit to treat heart irregularities, but too large a dose will cause death. Oxygen provides another example of how increasing the dose can turn a safe compound into a toxic one. Oxygen is essential to life and part of the air we breathe, but when given at high concentrations it can cause lung and eye damage in infants. Sometimes the possible negative effects of a substance are outweighed by the positive benefits at that dose. Dogs are treated with heartworm medication because the risk of death from heartworms is much greater than the risk of toxicity of the medication. Similarly, chemotherapeutic agents are used to destroy cancerous cells even though they may damage healthy cells in the process. Prior to the use of new substances, toxicologists and policy makers are responsible for determining the range of exposure that is safe and the level of exposure that may be harmful to human health or to the environment. The effect of the level of exposure is also important when toxicologists assess the risk caused by a substance already present in the environment. The benefits of using a new substance, or the costs of removing an environmental contaminant, are viewed relative to the perception of what is safe.

Identification of Macromolecule

Macromolecules contain more than one molecules. They are usually found in foods. For example, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins are the living organisms that macromolecules are commonly found. Their functions are mostly storing energy and information. By performing this lab, types of macromolecules are found. There are three different experiments that we performed. They are Iodine test, Biuret Test and Benedict’s test. With eleven solutions includes one unknown solution, the macromolecules will be found in the solutions and also, the unknown solution will be identified after the experiments. In this case, unknown solution is unknown number For example, from Iodine test, if the solution contains glycogen molecule, pale yellow iodine solution turns red-brown. If the solution contains starch molecule, the solution will turn blue black colour. For the Benedict’s test, blue coloured solution means reducing sugars and coloured precipitate means they contain so me macromolecules. The colours they represent are yellow, green, red and brown. For the Biuret Test, the colour change occurs when there is protein inside the solution. Colour change will be violet or yellow.Materials and Methods Materials we used were 12 small disposable plastic beakers Pasteur pipettes & bulbs 1 spot-plate test-tube rack 12 test-tubes 1 test-tube clamp 1 dropper bottle containing 1% copper sulfate 1 dropper bottle containing iodine solution 1 large beaker with boiling chips 1 marker 15 ml of 1% glucose solution 15ml of 0.3% glucose-1-phosphate 15ml of 1% maltose solution 15ml of honey solution 15ml of 1% sucrose solution 15ml of 1% lactose solution 15ml of 1% glycogen solution 15ml of 1% starch solution 15ml of protein, 15ml of beer 15ml of distilled water and 15ml of #210 unknown solution 10% Sodium hydroxide 1% copper sulfate.Methods – Three experiments were performed in order, Iodine test, Benedict’s test and Biuret Test. Before the experiments ar e begun, put all the 15ml of solutions into the beaker #1 to #12. These beakers are numbered with marker. Tube #1 is filled to with the approximately 1 ml of the liquid from beaker #1 (1/2 of the full Pasteur pipette is approximately 1 ml). Tube #2 is filled with the approximately 1 ml of the liquid from beaker #2. Untill all 12 tubes are filled up with 1 ml of the appropriate solution. 2ml of Benedict’s solution is added to each tube. The contents are mixed to each tube thoroughly. Boil the contents of each tube by placing the tube in a boiling water bath which has boiling chips in the water for about 5 minutes and note the colour change. Finally.All of the observations are recorded and explained. Firstly, for the Iodine test, 1 drop of the solution is put from the beaker #1 into a clean well on a spot-plate. Then one drop of iodine solution is added to the sample drop. This is how iodine test is done. Any colour change is recorded, as well as any differences and other obser vations. Iodine test is repeated on every other remaining solutions. All the observations are recorded on a piece of paper. Benedict’s test was done with five procedures. Firstly, the tubes were Observation – before and after colour, post or negat, beaker # and solu name Discussion – explain  everythign in detail fuck